How do you print strings in C++?

string test = "tssst";
printf(test);

Of course not, that’s C++!!!

That’s how you do it:

printf(test.c_str());

And if you want to stop the compiler throwing warnings:

printf("%s", test.c_str());

So close, yet so far out.

inline int max(int a, int b) {
	return a + b;
}
 
int main(void) {
	int x = 2;
	int y = 6;
	printf("result: %d", add(x,y));
}
 
// ok, the example is stupid, but i hope it illustrates the idea

Looks exactly the same as calling a function, but actually the function is not called, no function-calling overheads are created. Instead the inline function is expanded in place, where it is called. Obviously this only makes sense with rather short functions.

int x = 11;
 
[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%03i", x];
// @"011"
 
[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%+5i", x];
// @"+++11"
 
[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%+05i", x];
// @"+0011"

And not really like that. 381. I’ll still have to learn a lot of C.

#import <sys/time.h>
 
struct</span> timeval tv;
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
int sec = tv.tv_sec;
int usec = tv.tv_usec;

The system’s notion of the current Greenwich time and the current time zone is obtained with the gettimeofday() call, and set with the ettimeofday() call. The time is expressed in seconds and microseconds since midnight (0 hour), January 1, 1970. The resolution of the system clock is hardware dependent, and the time may be updated continuously or in “ticks.” If tp is NULL and tzp is non-NULL, gettimeofday() will opulate the timezone struct in tzp. If tp is non-NULL and tzp is NULL, then only the timeval struct in tp is populated. If both tp and tzp are NULL, nothing is returned.

Check out the man page for more info.

Here a recapitulation of usesful C and some quick notes on C++ peculiarities – sorry – features: (That might be a good place to start.)

Initialisation
int a = 1; // standard c way
int b(1); // same

Defined constants
#define PI 3.1415927 // faster than var

Declared constants
const int c = 100 // immutable

Assignment
= can also be used as rvalue
a = 1 + (b = 2);

same as:
b = 2;
a = 1 + b;

Comma operator
a = (b=3, b+2); // a = 5

When the set of expressions has to be evaluated for a value, only the rightmost expression is considered

Type casting
int i, j;
float f = 1.234;
i = (int) f;
j = int (f);

sizeof()
One parameter, either a type or a variable and returns the size in bytes.

a = sizeof (char);

Will become important with arrays.

Name of type is “struct Test”, and not “Test” alone.
struct Test myNewTest

Semicolon after closing parethesis is essentional.

Access composed types with dot-syntax:
myNewTest.name = "hjkjnk";
myNewTest.nr = 32;
myNewTest.f = 2.2424;

typedef
a shorthand, an alias for a type, for ease of readability.

typedef int MyType

“MyType n;” would be equal to “int n;”

enum
“introduces a symbolic name for an integer constant”

enum direction_enum {LEFT, RIGHT};
/* LEFT -> 0, RIGHT -> 1; */
enum direction_enum x = LEFT;

typedef enum

typedef enum {
LEFT;
RIGHT;
} direction;

declatation:
-(void)myFunction:(direction)LEFTorRIGHT;

call:
-(void)myFunction:LEFT;

typedef struct

typedef struct objectInfo_ {
CGPoint origin;
NSString* name;
NSColor* color;
} objectInfo

Shortcut. Instead of writing ‘struct objectInfo_’, write ‘objectInfo’. The keyword ‘objectInfo_’ seems to be optional.